Suspense Plus GraphQL

Collocating GraphQL queries with components doesn't mean that you need to fetch data for every component in your app separately.

One of the greatest features of adopting GraphQL in my opinion has been the drive to colocate data requirements with the components that render that data, this collocation has cut down on the hard split of container and presentational components and has made it easier to develop features and applications in small units of code (aka components).

One of the fears about this collocation of data fetching with components that i have heard a few coworkers discuss has been the idea that having a lot of components do data fetching all by themselves could lead to a lot of loading spinners on the application during initial load. This fear derives from the idea that if every component needs to fetch its own data then we would have hundreds of components kicking of an Ajax request and we would have to wait for all the requests to resolve before showing the whole application as it is meant to be shown to the user.

I think there are two pretty simple ways to get over this fear, the first is easy to accomplish today, and the second is how I see the future of collocated data queries with components evolving to. Both of these examples are tightly coupled to React and GraphQL libraries like Apollo, but could probably be adopted by other view and data fetching libraries soon enough.

Current Day Resolved Data Fetching

The current day pattern to get over the need for showing a lot of spinners for each component that needs to fetch data is to export the data requirement from each component as a GraphQL fragment that a parent can import and resolve in a large query.

This pattern would look something like this:

1// Leaf Component
2export default ({ data }) => ( ... )
3
4export const queryFragment = gql`
5  fragment CommentsPageComment on Comment {
6    id
7    postedBy {
8      login
9      html_url
10    }
11    createdAt
12    content
13  }
14`
15
16// Parent component
17import Leaf, { queryFragment as leafFragment } from './leaf.js'
18
19const appQuery = gql`
20  query Comment($repoName: String!) {
21    entry(repoFullName: $repoName) {
22      comments {
23        ...CommentsPageComment
24      }
25    }
26  }
27  ${leafFragment}
28`;
29
30export default function App({repoName}) {
31  return (
32    <Query query={appQuery} variables={{ repoName }}>
33      {() => ( ... )}
34    </Query>
35  )
36}

1// Leaf Component
2export default ({ data }) => ( ... )
3
4export const queryFragment = gql`
5  fragment CommentsPageComment on Comment {
6    id
7    postedBy {
8      login
9      html_url
10    }
11    createdAt
12    content
13  }
14`
15
16// Parent component
17import Leaf, { queryFragment as leafFragment } from './leaf.js'
18
19const appQuery = gql`
20  query Comment($repoName: String!) {
21    entry(repoFullName: $repoName) {
22      comments {
23        ...CommentsPageComment
24      }
25    }
26  }
27  ${leafFragment}
28`;
29
30export default function App({repoName}) {
31  return (
32    <Query query={appQuery} variables={{ repoName }}>
33      {() => ( ... )}
34    </Query>
35  )
36}

In this case each leaf component with some data dependencies exports the component as the default and then exports a named export of the query fragment that any parent can then either resolve in its own query, or forward on back up to a grandparent via another export.

This is still a manual process of exporting the query as a fragment from each component, but it makes the data contract of the component more explicit, and allows the consumer of the component to determine how it wants to handle data loading for the component.

Some of the flaws of this mechanism include:

• Manual query composition in the parent
• Needing to pass down the props correctly to the leaf node

Future State Resolved Data Fetching

Now that we have looked at what the current patterns are for handling collocated data requirements for components, lets take a peak at the potential future for data loading with components. In this section we are going to talk about some unstable API's that are part of the React library, and the related unstable React Cache library so some of this might change in the future.

So lets look at the above example and how it could be simplified using Suspense:

1// Leaf component
2import { createQueryResource } from 'future-graphql-library';
3
4export const query = createQueryResource(() => gql`
5  query Comment($repoName: String!) {
6    entry(repoFullName: $repoName) {
7      comments {
8        id
9        postedBy {
10          login
11          html_url
12        }
13        createdAt
14        content
15      }
16    }
17  }`,
18  (props) => ({ repoName: props.repoName })
19);
20
21export const Fallback = () => ( ... );
22
23export const duration = 500;
24
25export default function Comments(props) {
26  const data = query.read(props);
27  return (
28    ...
29  );
30}
31
32// Parent component
33import Comments, {
34  query as commentsQuery,
35  Fallback as CommentsFallback,
36  duration as CommentsDuration
37} from './leaf.js';
38
39export default function App(props) {
40  commentsQuery.preload(props);
41  return (
42    <>
43      <Main/>
44        <Suspense
45          maxDuration={commentsDuration}
46          fallback={<CommentsFallback />}
47        >
48          <Comments {...props} />
49        <Suspense>
50    </>
51  )
52}

1// Leaf component
2import { createQueryResource } from 'future-graphql-library';
3
4export const query = createQueryResource(() => gql`
5  query Comment($repoName: String!) {
6    entry(repoFullName: $repoName) {
7      comments {
8        id
9        postedBy {
10          login
11          html_url
12        }
13        createdAt
14        content
15      }
16    }
17  }`,
18  (props) => ({ repoName: props.repoName })
19);
20
21export const Fallback = () => ( ... );
22
23export const duration = 500;
24
25export default function Comments(props) {
26  const data = query.read(props);
27  return (
28    ...
29  );
30}
31
32// Parent component
33import Comments, {
34  query as commentsQuery,
35  Fallback as CommentsFallback,
36  duration as CommentsDuration
37} from './leaf.js';
38
39export default function App(props) {
40  commentsQuery.preload(props);
41  return (
42    <>
43      <Main/>
44        <Suspense
45          maxDuration={commentsDuration}
46          fallback={<CommentsFallback />}
47        >
48          <Comments {...props} />
49        <Suspense>
50    </>
51  )
52}

In this example the comments component (leaf component) exports the following:

• A query resources
• A fallback component
• A duration
• and the component itself

These four things allow the parent consumer to preload the data requirement for the component, as well as use opinionated fallbacks and loading durations for the component. The parent component can decide to use local values for some parts of the Suspense API wrapped around the leaf component if it chooses to do so.

The future state ideal presented here might look like a bit more work than the current day state, however it allows both the parent and the leaf components to be more opinionated about their fallback states, as well as the loading requirements.

No longer does the parent component need to know where to compose the data fetching fragment exported from the leaf component, and it also doesn't need to worry about what values the leaf components query relies upon, it can forward all props down to the resource from the leaf.

This API enables a tighter coupling between a component and the data it requests, and also allows parent components to decide when and if they will preload the data requirements for a leaf component or if it doesn't need to preload those data requirements.

Ultimately the new Suspense and Concurrent React APIs in conjunction with GraphQL will offer more unique ways to allow developers to fetch data requirements while also taking the pain out of managing loading states for those data requirements.